BUSI 345 Week 3 Personal Philosophy of Leadership Paper: Bibliography Example

Sources for a Servant Leader's Philosophy: An Annotated Bibliography

Planned Philosophy

My paper will argue that leadership is first a form of service: a leader's first job is helping the people being led to grow and flourish, and organizational results follow from that service. It will also argue that good leadership depends on good followership, so a leader must develop followers who think and act independently.

Annotated Bibliography

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002

Brown et al. (2005) define ethical leadership as conduct that models what is right and then encourages the same in followers by discussing it openly, rewarding it and building it into decisions, and they constructed a scale to measure it. Their social learning view explains how followers learn ethics by watching leaders. I chose this source because a servant philosophy depends on example, and this article explains why example works. It will support the section on character.

Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004

This systematic review covers two decades of servant leadership research, offers a clear definition and evaluates the many measures in use. The authors note that servant leadership is associated with follower and team outcomes but call for stronger research designs. I selected it as the most current overview of the field. It will anchor my definition and keep my claims within what the evidence supports.

Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5

Graen and Uhl-Bien trace the development of leader-member exchange theory and argue that leaders should build high-quality relationships with all followers, not only a favored in-group. This source matters to my philosophy because serving every follower means avoiding favoritism. It connects to Northouse's chapter on leader-member exchange. It belongs in my section on how leaders relate to followers.

Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316665461

This meta-analysis tested whether newer, values-based leadership styles explain outcomes that transformational leadership leaves unexplained. Ethical and authentic leadership added little, but servant leadership explained meaningful additional variance in several outcomes. I chose it because it challenges and partly supports my view, which keeps my argument honest. It will appear where I compare servant and transformational leadership.

Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755

Pooling decades of research on the two styles, Judge and Piccolo found that both styles were linked to follower satisfaction, follower motivation and ratings of leader effectiveness, with contingent reward performing better than many had predicted. I selected this source because transformational leadership is the main alternative to my philosophy. It will help me explain what I adopt from it, inspiring a shared vision, and what I set aside.

Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006

Liden et al. developed and validated a measure of servant leadership with dimensions such as emotional healing, putting subordinates first and helping them grow and succeed. Their study showed servant leadership predicted outcomes beyond transformational leadership and leader-member exchange. I chose it because the servant leadership self-assessment I will complete draws on dimensions like these. It will frame the discussion of my scores.

Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.007

This review argues that followers help produce leadership rather than simply receiving it, and it distinguishes approaches that study followers' roles from those that study how followers and leaders construct leadership together. I selected it because the course description emphasizes followership and my philosophy depends on it. It will support my section on developing followers who think independently.

van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228-1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310380462

Van Dierendonck synthesizes earlier work into six key characteristics of servant leaders, including empowering others, humility, authenticity and stewardship, and proposes a model linking them to follower outcomes. I chose it because its characteristics give my philosophy concrete behaviors rather than general ideals. It will organize the section describing how I intend to lead.

Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308913

Walumbwa et al. define authentic leadership through self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing and an internalized moral perspective, and validate a questionnaire across several countries. I selected it because self-awareness is the foundation of any personal philosophy, and one of my self-assessments measures these components. It will support the section on what my self-assessments revealed.

Course Textbooks and Scripture

Blanchard, K., Hodges, P., & Hendry, P. (2016). Lead like Jesus revisited: Lessons from the greatest leadership role model of all time. W Publishing Group.

This course text presents Jesus as a model of servant leadership through the heart, head, hands and habits of a leader. It will provide the Christian framework of my paper, especially its contrast between self-serving and serving leadership. I will draw on its discussion of the heart as the starting point of leadership.

English Standard Version Bible. (2016). Crossway. (Original work published 2001)

Scripture grounds my philosophy, particularly Jesus washing the disciples' feet in John 13 and the call to serve rather than be served. I will use specific passages to show that service is not a technique but an expression of character.

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Northouse's chapters on servant, authentic and transformational leadership and leader-member exchange provide the theoretical framework, and the questionnaires at the end of the chapters supply most of my self-assessments. I will cite it throughout.

How the Sources Fit the Paper

The definition and characteristics of servant leadership will come from van Dierendonck (2011) and Eva et al. (2019). The comparison with transformational leadership will rely on Judge and Piccolo (2004) and Hoch et al. (2018). The source that challenges my view most, Hoch et al., will appear in the same section as the sources that support it. Relationships and followership will draw on Graen and Uhl-Bien (1995) and Uhl-Bien et al. (2014), character on Brown et al. (2005), and the self-assessments on Liden et al. (2008), Walumbwa et al. (2008) and Northouse (2016). The Christian framework will come from Blanchard et al. (2016) and from Scripture (English Standard Version Bible, 2001/2016), especially John 13.