| Course | NURS 215 Post-licensure Pathophysiology (NURS215) |
|---|---|
| Module/Week | 5 |
| Assignment | Research Paper Part 2: Revised Abstract and Reference Page |
| Paper type | Revised title page and abstract with reference page |
| Length | about 425 words, 2 double-spaced pages plus title page and references. Course guide: a corrected title page and revised abstract of 150 to 250 words, using instructor feedback on Part 1, plus a reference page citing 5 to 7 peer-reviewed sources published within the last 10 years, including the textbook |
| Format | APA 7 student paper |
| Points | 100 |
| School | Liberty University Online |
| Program | BSN |
| Where it sits | Module/Week 5 in Liberty's published NURS 215 course guide; current sections can differ |
| Updated | October 2026 |
Free sample paper for NURS 215 Week 5
Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: From Neurohormonal Compensation to Bedside Monitoring on a Telemetry Unit
[Student Name]
School of Nursing, Liberty University
NURS 215: Post-licensure Pathophysiology
Research Paper Part 2
[Instructor Name]
[Date]
The writer's unit and the instructor's feedback are composites; the textbook and the seven sources on the reference page are real.
Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: From Neurohormonal Compensation to Bedside Monitoring on a Telemetry Unit
Abstract
Narrowed after feedback, this paper explains why HFrEF progresses, meaning heart failure with an ejection fraction of 40% or below, and what that process means for telemetry nursing. After an injury lowers cardiac output, the sympathetic nerves and the hormonal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis keep the circulation going for a while. Sustained over months, the same responses cause sodium and water retention, vasoconstriction, myocyte death, fibrosis and ventricular dilation, a process called remodeling that further reduces function. The paper explains how current guideline-directed drug classes interrupt this cycle: beta-blockers blunt sympathetic effects, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists counter the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which in a large randomized trial reduced worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death regardless of diabetes status, add benefits through renal and metabolic effects. Each mechanism is linked to nursing practice: daily weights and intake and output to detect retention, potassium and creatinine to monitor drug effects, heart rate and blood pressure to judge neurohormonal blockade and teaching that builds the self-care behaviors of maintenance, monitoring and management. Knowing the mechanism gives every routine assessment a purpose that nurses can explain to patients.
Keywords: HFrEF, ventricular remodeling, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, SGLT2 inhibitors, heart failure self-care
Revision Summary for the Instructor
Feedback on Part 1 asked me to keep the focus on mechanisms, add a current guideline and support the claims about newer medications with primary evidence. I made three changes. First, I shortened the description of symptoms in the abstract and gave more space to remodeling, the central mechanism. Second, I added the 2022 joint guideline from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology and the Heart Failure Society of America (Heidenreich et al., 2022), which defines the drug classes the paper will discuss. Third, I added the trial of dapagliflozin in patients with reduced ejection fraction (McMurray et al., 2019) as primary evidence for the newest drug class.
Each source has a role in the final paper. The textbook will explain normal cardiac output and the Frank-Starling relationship (Grossman & Porth, 2014). A clinical review will define the condition and outline diagnosis (Murphy et al., 2020). A mechanism review will carry the sections on sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation (Hartupee & Mann, 2017). For nursing practice, the American Heart Association statement on self-care will define maintenance, monitoring and management (Riegel et al., 2017), and the European recommendations will give specific advice on symptom monitoring and fluid and sodium intake (Jaarsma et al., 2021). Seven sources, each with a job to do, are worth more than twelve sources that all say the same thing.
References
Grossman, S. C., & Porth, C. M. (2014). Porth's pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states (9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hartupee, J., & Mann, D. L. (2017). Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 14(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163
Heidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., Fang, J. C., Fedson, S. E., Fonarow, G. C., Hayek, S. S., Hernandez, A. F., Khazanie, P., Kittleson, M. M., Lee, C. S., Link, M. S., . . . Yancy, C. W. (2022). 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 145(18), e895-e1032. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
Jaarsma, T., Hill, L., Bayes-Genis, A., La Rocca, H. B., Castiello, T., Čelutkienė, J., Marques-Sule, E., Plymen, C. M., Piper, S. E., Riegel, B., Rutten, F. H., Ben Gal, T., Bauersachs, J., Coats, A. J. S., Chioncel, O., Lopatin, Y., Lund, L. H., Lainscak, M., Moura, B., . . . Strömberg, A. (2021). Self-care of heart failure patients: Practical management recommendations from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Heart Failure, 23(1), 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2008
McMurray, J. J. V., Solomon, S. D., Inzucchi, S. E., Køber, L., Kosiborod, M. N., Martinez, F. A., Ponikowski, P., Sabatine, M. S., Anand, I. S., Bělohlávek, J., Böhm, M., Chiang, C. E., Chopra, V. K., de Boer, R. A., Desai, A. S., Diez, M., Drozdz, J., Dukát, A., Ge, J., . . . Langkilde, A. M. (2019). Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(21), 1995-2008. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911303
Murphy, S. P., Ibrahim, N. E., & Januzzi, J. L. (2020). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A review. JAMA, 324(5), 488-504. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10262
Riegel, B., Moser, D. K., Buck, H. G., Dickson, V. V., Dunbar, S. B., Lee, C. S., Lennie, T. A., Lindenfeld, J., Mitchell, J. E., Treat-Jacobson, D. J., & Webber, D. E. (2017). Self-care for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease and stroke: A scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6(9), e006997. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006997
What the NURS 215 Week 5 instructions ask
Part 2 of the research paper is the only graded work in Module/Week 5 of NURS 215, a week that assigns Grossman and Porth's chapters 39 through 41 and one presentation. Using the instructor's feedback on Part 1, the student submits a corrected title page and a revised abstract of 150 to 250 words, plus a reference page of five to seven peer-reviewed sources published within the last ten years, including the course textbook, all in current APA format. The reference page is submitted now so the instructor can comment on the sources before the full paper is written, which makes this the point to replace any source that is too old, not peer reviewed or off topic.
How this NURS 215 Week 5 example is built
The sample contains the corrected title page, the revised abstract with keywords and a short revision summary written for the instructor, followed by the reference page. The abstract keeps its original purpose but tightens the mechanism and adds two elements the instructor asked for: trial evidence for SGLT2 inhibitors and the self-care behaviors that follow from the mechanism. The revision summary lists each piece of feedback and the change made, then names the role of each source in the final paper. The reference page lists seven sources in APA format, alphabetized, all within ten years except the course textbook required by the guide.
NURS 215 Week 5 grading rubric: where the points go
Part 2 is generally graded on using the Part 1 feedback, a fixed title page, a revised abstract of the right length that reflects the narrowed topic, a reference page holding five to seven recent, peer-reviewed works with the textbook among them, correct APA formatting of every reference and the relevance of the sources to the topic. Faculty check references closely: missing DOIs, wrong capitalization of article titles and sources that are not peer reviewed are common deductions. A brief note showing how feedback was used is not always required, but it makes the revision easy for the instructor to see and grade.
NURS 215 Week 5 help: mistakes that cost points
Read your Part 1 feedback first and make a list of every comment. Revise the abstract to answer each, and recount the words. Choose sources that each do a different job in the final paper: the textbook for basic physiology, a review for the clinical picture, a mechanism paper, a guideline, a trial and a nursing source for practice. Check that every source is peer reviewed and published within ten years, apart from the required textbook. Format each reference in APA 7, with sentence case for article titles and a DOI where one exists. Alphabetize by the first author's last name, and keep a copy of your feedback list to check against again in Part 3.
Related NURS 215 sample papers
Other NURS 215 weeks
- NURS 215 Week 1: Discussion Board Forum 1
- NURS 215 Week 2: Research Paper Part 1
- NURS 215 Week 3: Discussion Board Forum 2
- NURS 215 Week 4: Health Education Brochure
- NURS 215 Week 6: Discussion Board Forum 3
- NURS 215 Week 7: Research Paper Part 3
- NURS 215 Week 8: Discussion Board Forum 4
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NURS 215 Week 5 questions, answered
What is NURS 215 Research Paper Part 2?
The 100-point Module/Week 5 submission in which students revise their title page and 150- to 250-word abstract using feedback and submit a reference page of five to seven peer-reviewed sources.
Where can I find a free NURS 215 Week 5 sample paper?
You can read a complete NURS 215 Week 5 revised abstract and seven-source reference page for a heart failure paper on this page at no charge.
How many sources does the NURS 215 research paper need?
Five to seven peer-reviewed sources published within the last ten years, including the course textbook, listed on the reference page submitted in Part 2 and used in Part 3.
How should I use instructor feedback in NURS 215 Part 2?
List each comment from Part 1, revise the title page and abstract to answer it and choose sources that fill any gap the instructor named, such as a guideline or recent trial.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure?
Drugs such as dapagliflozin, first developed for diabetes, that in a large trial reduced worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with reduced ejection fraction, with or without diabetes.
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